Underground Railroad - a historical event from slavery Essay

Underground Railroad - a historical event from slavery - Essay Example Petry argues that slavery began in 1619 when a Dutch trader exchanged African under his custody for food (45). The ownership of African as servants became legal, just as it was for the poor white men who offered labor for their passage to America. In 1680s, the popular racial -based slave system developed. All the slaves wanted freedom, but the problem was how to attain it. Women were in the forefront to liberate the other slaves. Their courage and dedication could not let even their beloved husbands discourage them. Women such as Harriet Tubman, the leader of the Underground Railroad believed that â€Å"freedom was not an option but the only option.† She would always talk about it with her husband until he could get mad and tell her to shut up. Petry reveals the conversation between Harriet and her husband, he says â€Å"You take off and I will tell the Master. I will tell the Master right quick. She stared at him, shocked thinking, he couldn’t, he wouldn’t†¦you don’t mean that, she said slowly.† (85). She wanted freedom and then decided to leave for Philadelphia without the husband. She was ready to pay that price, but that was not enough, she was to come back to free others. In Philadelphia, other women of courage included Henrietta Bowers Duterte. She was an African American; the first black woman to serve as an undertaker in the city. To help save the runaways from the slave catchers, she could hide them inside a basket. This was despite the draconian laws that existed at the time. A good example was the law enacted by the Virginia colony in 1642 to stop those who harbor or assist the runaway slaves. The penalty was 20 pounds of tobacco for sheltering a runaway slave at night. In addition, the slaves were branded after the second attempt of escape (Petry 63). According to Petry, Virginia Assembly passed a law in 1669 which allowed the killing of ‘negros’

Recognizing Organizational Culture in Managing Change Essay Example for Free

Recognizing Organizational Culture in Managing Change Essay In order to ask lots of questions about the influence of the social system, that is to say, the surrounding conditions of the organization on its ability to soak up like a towel and gain invention of new things, a having to do with figuring out. The quality of things without measuring them with numbers research was carried out to define the measuring tool for the most important things of this particular of surrounding conditions for the recognition and acceptance of e-learning in teachers or professors(Buć Divjak, 2016). In the development of devices that make music, the examples of the development of devices that make music were used that are designed only for research in information sciences, such as for example, the development of a measuring instrument for evaluating the performance of e-Portfolio. It is generally admitted to that educational change benefits from a supportive surrounding condition. Cultural influences are a key issue when thinking about the invention of new things and change processes. Organizational culture is a key factor that influences instructional inventions of new things that the success of any something big and important that changes people\s thinking or lives effort may well depend on the extent to which organizational culture issues can be talked to(Zhu Engels, 2014). Previous research has examined the influence of organizational culture on organizational inventions of new things. Studies point to new things is most likely to happen in organizations that have integrative structures draw attention to many different kinds of people or things, and team effort and teamwork. Yet the findings of the previous research are mixed with little believable information that proves something related to the role of specific organizational culture features in adoptin g instructional invention of new things in college. Students who come to a related to school and learning library meet with a variety of spaces that influence their learning and behavior. The library has two types of spaces which are shared and social. Shared spaces are places where students are involved in single, hardworking with schoolwork, and thoughtful study surrounded by other students. Students work at group and noisy work with other students in social spaces. The idea of library spaces for different types for different student needs and supports the idea which is that students need separate spaces for the types of learning and behavior connected with the ability to create interesting new things and invention of new things (Bieraugel Neill, 2017). Ideas of library space when designing learning spaces in a library is extremely important to think about what types of behavior the design will bring out. Library design, as seen through the lens of the science of nerves and the brain, is interesting and suggests/says that library s pace is just like productive research surrounding conditions in helping the ability to create interesting new things and invention of new things. Bennett notes that Google, Twitter, Facebook, and other companies also aim to create productive research surrounding conditions within settings to help grow invention of new things and critical thinking be it in the lobby or a quiet corner. Environmental education can help increase problem-solving skills, very important thinking and action-oriented in relation to central and practical problems that are combined in nature(Fauville, Lantz-Andersson, Sà ¤ljà ¶, 2014). Co-operative processes of question or investigation into an action on real related to surrounding conditions or the health of the Earth issues where students should be put in the position of active thinkers prepared to act in response to issues in partnership with fellow students. Such learning also involves understanding how to approach, plan and analyze complex issues and where to turn for clearly connected or related knowledge, and not only the reproduction of what is already known although in different difference fields of study. In such settings, student-active and problem-based instructional approaches have been argued as providing a good big picture in which to develop knowledge. So, the science of teaching and way of thinking behind environmental e ducation can be thought of as challenging traditional approaches to schooling, which focus on learning of true knowledge presented in the classroom by the teacher in order to solve problems with an already existing, single and correct solution. Traditional education is also highly broken-up in terms of fields of study and is based on abstract problems, with students put in the rather allowing something to happen without reacting or trying to stop it a position of simply reproducing information and standard procedures.

know what i hate :: essays research papers

You know what I hate happens? ( FUCKING EMBARRISSING MOMENTS ) ( Its like when your waiting for the Phone ) One Day after eating a hefty late lunch you sit around the house waiting for the phone to ring, this girl was supposed to come over to your house later, When out of no where came the impending inexplicable urge to take a big ass shit. Thinking it over you know you cant afford to miss the phone call, but also when you got to take a shit you got to take a shit. So taking a shit it is. Your on the toilet doing your business, you guess your about half way through when the phone begins to ring. Well your working on a big clunker right there and you didn’t have any time to wipe your ass, You run to the phone as quick as you can in the state your in. You finally finish the phone call and you put the phone down, she said she would be here in 5 minutes and Your like Werd, pimping it. Then you turn around and you see a trail of tiny wet spots of brown SHIT everywhere. You only have 5 minutes to clean it up. Trying to wipe it and get it out of the carpet, it spreads. The bell rings and y ou get dressed as soon as you can, your ass still remains un-wiped. She enters the house, she sees the stains on the floor and asks what it is, You say its chocolate ice cream, You try to steer her away but you know you couldn’t show your ass to her incase the shit stain outline appears on your pants, she bends over to smell and examine the stain on the floor.... she smells it, she gets an idea of what it is, and you try to steer her away, she tells you to come look at it closer, by then you have no choice, you bend over, she sees the shit stain outlines on your pants and her idea that those might be shit stains on the ground are confirmed........... The Date Is Over ( Its like Before You go into the hot tub ) Well The other day before hitting the road to a long drive to vacation I decided to leave on a full stomach so I wouldn’t be hungry on the journey there.

Humorous Wedding Speech by a Fellow Engineering Student :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech by a Fellow Engineering Student Ladies and Gentlemen – hello! I would like to start by thanking Eric, on behalf of the bridesmaids, for his kind words. I am sure you will all agree that they look absolutely gorgeous and have carried out their duties magnificently. I’m not sure how much tequila it took, but the bride arrived one time and seemingly cured of all her wedding day nerves. Also, we shouldn’t forget James, the pageboy, who has also done a sterling job today. You may have noticed that he was entrusted with the rings and not me, the supposed best man. Eric, I know we were students together – and back in those days I would have certainly been tempted to pawn them both for some extra beer money – but please, the drinks today are already on you. For those who don't know, I met Eric at Swansea University, where we both spent three years not reading for a degree in Engineering. That said, we did conduct some excellent practical research on tika masala viscosity, chapatti-nan absorbency co-efficients, and the fluid dynamics of snakebite and black. Actually, we met in the first term in our Hall launderette. He came over and asked me if I knew how to operate the machines. It was about the 8th week of term – and the clean clothes he’d arrived from home with 2 months earlier were in desperate need of liquid refreshment. There’s only so much that deodorant can do for a pair of boxer shorts. Anyway, we got chatting and I was immediately impressed by Eric's friendliness, his willingness to talk lucidly on just about any subject, his quick mind, and how those same boxer shorts managed to make their own way to the washing machine. But more about those scholarly days shortly. As I did only meet Eric a few years ago, I’ve had to rely on his own account of earlier years. Apparently, the young Eric Wilson was an exceptionally gifted child. He sat his GCSE’s whilst his contemporaries were doing the 11-plus and then concentrated on his first novel, which he published at the age of 15. When it came to A-levels, his English teacher was left in tears when he opted for the Sciences. He then reluctantly turned down offers from Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard, in order to study at that other great beacon of learning – Swansea.

Payroll System Essay

A.)Introduction: Business are arising in all the sides of the globe. Man power are very much well present in every business there is. This project allows the speed up the process of calculating payrolls with the capability of generating reports. B.) Problem definition In today’s world. The bigger the company, the higher the possibility that the calculations of salaries to employees would be a great disaster to the company itself. The system has the capability of doing calculation with major vast of people which is hard to monitor. It speeds up the calculation of payrolls for the employees, insuring that the payment are both accurate and precise. One of the major problem that the system could not do is to render the specific time for every transaction of employees in each company. C.) Objectives of the study The main goal is to give the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee and to minimize their workloads with regards on computing salaries loan and cash advances. D.) Terms of references of the study By giving this fee services. The company has to give us full access to the system that the company uses or the data’s concerning the employees and their backgrounds. In return, the system that we’ll provide would be free of charge. This is for research purposes. E.)Expected Benefit Payroll System is the heart of any human resource system of an organization. The solution has to take care of the calculation of salary as per rules of the company. In this study we used to developed computer based payroll system to improve a faster, easier and reliable of way of payroll. It helps the staff of the company for easy filing and conducting their finance share in every employee, clerk and maintenance of their company. Payroll system can be used to speed up the process of calculating pay, ensuring that payments are both accurate and precise. They save you the burden of learning and understanding complex payroll legislation. Trouble free payroll processing is a critical need of any business. Payroll software completes payroll calculations within a fraction of the time it would take to do them manually. Another huge advantage of running payroll software over a manual process is in the reporting, most systems allow, weekly, month and annually required reports to be run at the press of a button. It possible with a lot of payroll software to integrate with your time sheet systems that record employee attendance or time worked. It a simple way for information about employee hours worked to be transferred into the payroll system removing yet another layer of manual processing. System Proposal Payroll system is used to maintain a list of employee’s names, addresses and employment information and used to interactively calculate and print payroll check. The proponents main goal to give the school the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee. Employee’s hours are entered and distributed to appropriate department. Annualized tax tables are then used to automatically compute deductions before the check is printed on bank stock. Monthly and quarterly reports are used to prepare tax filings, and provide analytical information. It help the owner to correct the flaws in terms of computing the employee’s salary by computing it right after the day. First the system will ask the employee to enter your employees no. and password. If your name and password does not match the employees that is stored to the database the system will display a message box, but if the employees and password match the database a message box will appear telling â€Å" Welcome!†. Secondly, this system can add employee. View and compute their salary and produce their pay slip. Can view the personal information about the employees. FEASIBILITY STUDY An employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. Payroll cannot be processed without payroll system because with the use of this system, it can minimize the work of an employer. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on time and accurately, then comply with other regulations. It can make the employer to be easily get the information of all the employee and so that the calculation of the salary of each employee will be computed right. The proponents main goal to give the school the system that can provide and enhance their existing system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee. And for the admin staff to lessen their workloads with regards on computing salaries loan and Feasibility Study An employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. Consequently, payroll cannot be processed without a payroll system. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on time and accurately, plus comply with other statutory regulations.

Defining Racial Prejudice

Defining Racial Prejudice Words such as racism, prejudice, and stereotype are often used interchangeably. While the definitions of these terms overlap, they actually mean different things. Racial prejudice, for instance, typically arises from race-based stereotypes. People of influence who prejudge others set the stage for institutional racism to occur. How does this happen? This overview of what racial prejudice is, why it’s dangerous and how to combat prejudice explains in detail. Defining Prejudice It’s difficult to discuss prejudice without clarifying what it is. The fourth edition of the American Heritage College Dictionary provides four meanings for the term- from â€Å"an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts† to â€Å"irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race or religion.† Both definitions apply to the experiences of ethnic minorities in Western society. Of course, the second definition sounds much more menacing than the first, but prejudice in either capacity has the potential to cause a great deal of damage. Likely because of his skin color, English professor and writer Moustafa Bayoumi says that strangers often ask him, â€Å"Where are you from?† When he answers that he was born in Switzerland, grew up in Canada and now lives in Brooklyn, he raises eyebrows. Why? Because the people doing the questioning have a preconceived idea about what Westerners generally and Americans particularly look like. They’re operating under the (erroneous) assumption that natives of the United States don’t have brown skin, black hair or names that aren’t English in origin. Bayoumi acknowledges that the people suspicious of him typically don’t â€Å"have any real malice in mind.† Still, they allow prejudice to guide them. While Bayoumi, a successful author, has taken the questions about his identity in stride, others deeply resent being told that their ancestral origins make them less American than others. Prejudice of this nature may not only lead to psychological t rauma but also to racial discrimination. Arguably no group demonstrates this more than Japanese Americans. Prejudice Begets Institutional Racism When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, the U.S. public viewed Americans of Japanese descent suspiciously. Although many Japanese Americans had never stepped foot in Japan and knew only of the country from their parents and grandparents, the notion spread that the Nisei (second-generation Japanese Americans) were more loyal to the Japanese empire than to their birthplace- the United States. Acting with this idea in mind, the federal government decided to round up more than 110,000 Japanese Americans and place them in internment camps for fear that they would team up with Japan to plot additional attacks against the United States. No evidence suggested that Japanese Americans would commit treason against the U.S. and join forces with Japan. Without trial or due process, the Nisei were stripped of their civil liberties and forced into detention camps. The case of Japanese-American internment is one of the most egregious cases of racial prejudice leading to institutiona l racism. In 1988, the U.S. government issued a formal apology to Japanese Americans for this shameful chapter in history. Prejudice and Racial Profiling After the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, Japanese Americans worked to prevent Muslim Americans from being treated how the Nisei and Issei were during World War II. Despite their efforts, hate crimes against Muslims or those perceived to be Muslim or Arab rose following the terrorist attacks. Americans of Arab origin face particular scrutiny on airlines and airports. On the tenth anniversary of 9/11, an Ohio housewife of Arab and Jewish background named Shoshanna Hebshi made international headlines after accusing Frontier Airlines of removing her from a flight simply because of her ethnicity and because she happened to be seated next to two South Asian men. She says that she never left her seat, spoke to other passengers or tinkered with suspicious devices during the flight. In other words, her removal from the plane was without warrant. She’d been racially profiled. â€Å"I believe in tolerance, acceptance and trying–as hard as it sometimes maybe–not to judge a person by the color of their skin or the way they dress,† she stated in a blog post. â€Å"I admit to having fallen to the traps of convention and have made judgments about people that are unfounded. †¦The real test will be if we decide to break free from our fears and hatred and truly try to be good people who practice compassion–even toward those who hate.† The Link Between Racial Prejudice and Stereotypes Prejudice and race-based stereotypes work hand in hand. Due to the pervasive stereotype that an all-American person is blonde and blue-eyed (or at the very least white), those who don’t fit the bill- such as Moustafa Bayoumi- are prejudged to be foreign or â€Å"other.† Never mind that this characterization of an all-American more aptly describes the Nordic population than individuals who are indigenous to the Americas or the diverse groups that make up the United States today. Combating Prejudice Unfortunately, racial stereotypes are so prevalent in Western society that even the very young exhibit signs of prejudice. Given this, it’s inevitable that the most open-minded of individuals will have a prejudiced thought on occasion. One needn’t act on prejudice, however. When President George W. Bush addressed the Republican National Convention in 2004, he called on schoolteachers not to give in to their preconceived ideas about students based on race and class. He singled out the principal of Gainesville Elementary School in Georgia for â€Å"challenging the soft bigotry of low expectations.†Ã‚  Although poor Hispanic children made up most of the student body, 90 percent of pupils there passed state tests in reading and math. â€Å"I believe every child can learn,† Bush said. Had school officials decided that the Gainesville students couldn’t learn because of their ethnic origin or socioeconomic status, institutional racism would have been the likely result. Administrators and teachers would not have worked to give the student body the best education possible, and Gainesville could’ve become yet another failing school. This is what makes prejudice such a threat.

Free Essays on Socialization

Socialization is an important factor in everyone’s life. No matter one’s color, race, gender, etc, socialization occurs and brings about a social identity for every individual. How the individual chooses to adapt to their environment and develop their own sense of self is the important sociological question here. I intend to discuss the main points of my own socialization and how I have found myself on the life path on which I am currently. Specifically, the main points of socialization are primary socialization, secondary socialization, and one’s significant others. I will give examples of each of these areas of socialization in my own life. Primary socialization is the first socialization and individual undergoes in childhood through which he becomes a member of society. Primary socialization generally occurs during the very early stages of childhood. This time does not so much promote individual abstract thought as much as it gives one simply a spot in society. During this time, I learned my own name. I learned the difference between my own name and my older sister’s name, Megan. The basic differentiation between the two showed me that I was a different person from Megan. Along with this realization came the idea that we were sisters and although different, we were both my parents’ children. These realizations are part of â€Å"internalization.† Society, identity, and reality are subjectively crystallized in the same process of internalization. So, primary socialization is on the beginning of developing a personal identity. First, one must understand what they are (i.e. their parentsâ €™ child, a sister, a brother, an individual, etc.) before they can decide who they are. The people responsible for showing one their place in the world are called â€Å"significant others.† This group of people is generally one’s parents, along with close family members or sometimes close friends of the family. These peop... Free Essays on Socialization Free Essays on Socialization Socialization is an important factor in everyone’s life. No matter one’s color, race, gender, etc, socialization occurs and brings about a social identity for every individual. How the individual chooses to adapt to their environment and develop their own sense of self is the important sociological question here. I intend to discuss the main points of my own socialization and how I have found myself on the life path on which I am currently. Specifically, the main points of socialization are primary socialization, secondary socialization, and one’s significant others. I will give examples of each of these areas of socialization in my own life. Primary socialization is the first socialization and individual undergoes in childhood through which he becomes a member of society. Primary socialization generally occurs during the very early stages of childhood. This time does not so much promote individual abstract thought as much as it gives one simply a spot in society. During this time, I learned my own name. I learned the difference between my own name and my older sister’s name, Megan. The basic differentiation between the two showed me that I was a different person from Megan. Along with this realization came the idea that we were sisters and although different, we were both my parents’ children. These realizations are part of â€Å"internalization.† Society, identity, and reality are subjectively crystallized in the same process of internalization. So, primary socialization is on the beginning of developing a personal identity. First, one must understand what they are (i.e. their parentsâ €™ child, a sister, a brother, an individual, etc.) before they can decide who they are. The people responsible for showing one their place in the world are called â€Å"significant others.† This group of people is generally one’s parents, along with close family members or sometimes close friends of the family. These peop... Free Essays on Socialization Socialization is an important factor in everyone’s life. No matter one’s color, race, gender, etc, socialization occurs and brings about a social identity for every individual. How the individual chooses to adapt to their environment and develop their own sense of self is the important sociological question here. I intend to discuss the main points of my own socialization and how I have found myself on the life path on which I am currently. Specifically, the main points of socialization are primary socialization, secondary socialization, and one’s significant others. I will give examples of each of these areas of socialization in my own life. Primary socialization is the first socialization and individual undergoes in childhood through which he becomes a member of society. Primary socialization generally occurs during the very early stages of childhood. This time does not so much promote individual abstract thought as much as it gives one simply a spot in society. During this time, I learned my own name. I learned the difference between my own name and my older sister’s name, Megan. The basic differentiation between the two showed me that I was a different person from Megan. Along with this realization came the idea that we were sisters and although different, we were both my parents’ children. These realizations are part of â€Å"internalization.† Society, identity, and reality are subjectively crystallized in the same process of internalization. So, primary socialization is on the beginning of developing a personal identity. First, one must understand what they are (i.e. their parentsâ €™ child, a sister, a brother, an individual, etc.) before they can decide who they are. The people responsible for showing one their place in the world are called â€Å"significant others.† This group of people is generally one’s parents, along with close family members or sometimes close friends of the family. These peop... Free Essays on Socialization Socialization The process by which personality is formed as the result of social influences is called socialization. Early research methods employed case studies of individuals and of individual societies (e.g., primitive tribes). Later research has made statistical comparisons of numbers of persons or of different societies; differences in child-rearing methods from one society to another, for example, have been shown to be related to the subsequent behaviour of the infants when they become adults. Such statistical approaches are limited, since they fail to discern whether both the personality of the child and the child-rearing methods used by the parents are the result of inherited factors or whether the parents are affected by the behaviour of their children. Problems in the process of socialization that have been studied by experimental methods include the analysis of mother-child interaction in infancy; the effects of parental patterns of behaviour on the development of intelligence, moral behaviour, mental health, delinquency, self-image, and other aspects of the personality of the child; the effects of birth order (e.g., being the first-born or second-born child) on the individual; and changes of personality during adolescence. Investigators have also studied the origins and functioning of achievement motivation and other social drives (e.g., as measured with personality tests). Several theories have stimulated research into socialization; Freudian theory led to some of the earliest studies on such activities as oral and anal behaviour (e.g., the effect of the toilet trainin...

Essay Sample on the Unity of Northern and Southern America

Essay Sample on the Unity of Northern and Southern America The attempt of the Southern States to secede from the American Federation in 1861, created a dangerous crisis in the history of America. The crisis turned into an internal war and, by the superior military power of the Center, they had to be kept within the Federation as integral part of the country which was, at that time, already moving towards plenty and prosperity. It was a complex process, and the Northern Federal Government really showed some extraordinary skills in order to bring the South back into the political system. In 1776, under the brilliant leadership of George Washington, 13 British Colonies in America united together and achieved a glorious freedom. On November 15, 1777, a confederation was created in order to provide for common defense, securities for their liberties and for their mutual and general welfare in the future. But the system had many loopholes and, hence, soon the leaders felt that the system must be either revised or superseded by a new one. Thus, the Philadelphia Convention was held in May 1787 which introduced a full fledged Federation for fostering a sense of unity among the units. According to K.C. Wheare, The fear of military insecurity and the consequent need of common defense, a desire to be independent of foreign power and the need of economic prosperity etc. have encouraged modern nations to form Federations (Wheare). Naturally, it needs unity among the federal units and the supremacy of the national Government. In the view of Bernard Schwartz, The American system has properly ensured those  arrangements in case of McCulloch v. Maryland; and it was declared in the case of Texas v. White (1869) that America was an indestructible union, composed of indestructible states. So, no unit can secede from it and, an attempt to do so can be failed by the superior power of the Center. This is a sample American History essay written from scratch by one of our academic writers. If you want to order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis/dissertation or other written assignment on any topic contact our company to get professional academic writing help.

Personality Inventory of Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personality Inventory of Skills - Assignment Example Therefore, in a professional setting, being goal-oriented has, and would come in handy as relevant to achieving the target goals without the need to enlist the services of extra labor. Most especially working with children and families requires a goal-oriented person, to continuously offer the needed services without tiring or observing time. Nothing counts in a workplace or in any other environment, than being sure that the person to whom certain duties or responsibilities are delegated will execute them faithfully and satisfactorily. One of my professional qualities is that I am highly autonomous and dependable, such that I will faithfully execute the duties that are my responsibilities without being supervised or monitored. My dependable character draws from the fact that I am autonomous and self-disciplined, which then means that I will always focus on doing whatever it is that requires being done, without the need to be monitored. This is useful in the family and child services field, where offering services to families or children must be innately driven, rather than being pushed to offer the services. Serving families and children requires a lot of good will from the service provider, due to the complexity and sensitivity of the issues associated with children and family needs. It is therefore essential to have a person who will always be relied upon to do everything in the best interest of the children and families, without being followed up. Networking and connectedness is a professional quality that I uphold and value greatly. I have realized that in life, there is much success or satisfaction that comes with working with others, as opposed to individualism. There is always something to learn from other people, if an individual is interested in them. There is also challenge and motivation that comes along with associating with others, which brings in the desire to

China's business model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

China's business model - Essay Example This number has quickly increased to now stand at about 5.8 million workers with Africa playing host to an estimated over 1 million Chinese workers (Djik, 2009). China has experienced rapid growth that has seen the country quickly grow to become the world’s second largest luxury market in the year 2009. The attainment of a 27.5% global luxury market share caused the country to effectively surpass the United States and was able to come second only to Japan. This massive growth has been seen to be quite remarkable especially in light of the country’s market consumption in in luxury products has only been in existence for a time period of approximately 20 years (Zhang and Stening, 2009). So as to be able to critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the business model in use in China, it is possible to individually analyze several key aspects of the model so as to gain a better understanding of the whole model in general one of these key aspects is the business model’s private economy. ... sses in the country, others classified as being part of the private economy include the various enterprises that happen to have investments from Taiwan, Macau and Hong Kong. This definition of private economies is seen to essentially leave out foreign-invested enterprises in the definition. Advantages Attributed to the China Business Model as a Result of its Private Economy Attribute The country’s private economy helped provide a ready labor market for country’s growing rural labor force. According to various government statistics, the country’s over 250 thousand enterprises that happened to be privately owned as at 1988, were able to successfully absorb over an estimated 4 million labors. This private economy was able to make better use of various resources such as available surplus expertise and labor, and funds that were not being properly utilized by the country’s state government (Chen, 1995). The Chinese business model also advocates for preference o f Chinese workers over workers of other nationalities. This is highlighted by the approach taken by the country in regards to the various contracts obtained by its companies in other countries. An illustration of this factor being that, during the recent economic crisis that severely crippled the economies of several markets around the world, China was seen to be relatively unaffected as it continued to invest in several countries ranging from the Bahamas across to various countries in Africa. In a recent deal portraying the effectiveness of the Chinese business model, one of the country’s construction companies was able to sign a deal in Bahamas that was it get contracted to build a $3 billion gambling project (Dean, 2011). China was able to capitalize on this deal by insisting on bringing in its own

Sustainability Indicators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainability Indicators - Essay Example There are several different types of indicators used in different fields, and the indicators of sustainability differ from other typical indicators employed for measuring social, economic and environmental progress (Sustainable Measures, 2010). Traditional indicators like stockholder profits, water quality etc. are not holistic in nature since they focus on a particular segment of the community; they do measure the progress of one component as if it was independent from other components of the community. On the other hand, sustainability indicators are resourceful in measuring the interactions of three different aspects of the community i.e. the environment, the economy and the society (Sustainable Measures, 2010). Sustainability indicators (Sis) are those indicators which provide information regarding the feasibility of future goals depending on their social aspects such as material welfare, environmental quality and natural environment (Zhen, 2006). In other words, SIs is a means o f finding how efficiently the community is satisfying the needs of its current and future members. Sustainability indicators and indices have been used popularly for measuring progress and improvement in the sustainability of different ventures. Index is referred to as a composite number which develops from adding together more than one indicator. There may be different types of indicators and many of them are linked to each other, such that one indicator has an influence on the other (Morse, 2010). There are many differences between sustainability and traditional urban indicators. Dividing the traditional urban indicators into three types i.e. economic, environmental and social indicators, a comparison can be drawn up between sustainability and other urban indicators. When considering environmental indicators, a traditional indicator would measure the ambient levels of pollution in air and water. On the other hand, a sustainability indicator would seek to measure the usage and prod uction of toxic substances, as well as the miles traversed by vehicles. The focus of the environmental SI would be on the measurement of activities that lead to pollution. A typical social indicator might include an analysis of the SAT and other standardized test scores. Contrary to that, a SI would entail the measurement of the total number of students who are given training for jobs available in the community and the number of students who study in college and then return to serve the community. The comparison between the two approaches used by the indicators is that SI focuses more on matching the job proficiency and training of people to the requirements of the community (Sustainable Indicators, 2010). 2. Introduce the sustainability indicator program. The sustainability indicator program that this paper will be focusing on is the Arizona State University (ASU) sustainability program. The Global Institute of Sustainability is the centre of sustainability initiatives at the ASU. The Institute specializes in the promotion of research, education and business practices for bolstering sustainability in the contemporary urbanizing world. The Institute is focused on coming up with solutions to economical, environmental and social sustainability challenges the world faces today. The Institute, opened in 2007, was the first of its kind in the entire country. The goals of the Institute is to recognize the major sustainability ch

Plot and Character Analysis of The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin Essay

Plot and Character Analysis of The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin - Essay Example special attention given to just how the story is to be told, authors can open the story to a variety of interpretations illustrating the complexities of life during a particular period in history. A close examination of Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† illustrates how the written word can be a powerful representation of the weight of social constraints on women during this period in time. In this very short story, Chopin shows how her main character, Louise Mallard, was effectively dehumanized by the expectations of role fulfillment imposed upon her by her husband and her society. The story begins by illustrating the perceived condition of Louise’s health as she reportedly has a weak heart. â€Å"It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences; veiled hints that revealed in half concealing† (Chopin). What her sister Josephine told her was that Louise’s husband was killed in a recent railroad accident, information that had been confirmed by a close family friend. Louise’s reaction to the news is remarked as somewhat surprising, but takes on greater significance later in the story. â€Å"She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms† (Chopin). From this point, there isn’t a great deal of physical action to the story. Louise retires to her room alone and sits in a chair looking out the window. As she reflects upon the news she has just received, Louise begins to see the remainder of her life in ways that might have been highly unexpected at the time. Instead of feeling that he r life was over because her husband is dead, Louise begins to see her life as just beginning. She will finally have a chance to make some of her own decisions. Although her life has been turned upside down, Chopin demonstrates through Louise’s thoughts that her world had already been upside down under the external conditions she’d been forced to accept and only now, with the death of her husband, was it righting

International Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Management - Assignment Example The market was one of rising costs, reduced prices, high competition, and low-cost models. The average selling prices were down by a whopping 35% and there was a clamor for cheaper models in emerging economies and developing markets. The basic phones were available for $ 50, with low end models being available for as low as $ 25 and even $ 10. Multinational set up operations and set new standards for wages, training and technology transfer. An environment of meritocracy was being created and which hard work, ethical behavior and a desire to learn were the watchwords. The fall of the iron curtain in Europe and the transition of State Societies, opened up new markets for Western Europe. Eastern Europe was expected to move towards 100% penetration levels in 2011, from the current 85%. The manufacturing process was being off shored to low cost countries, lately Eastern Europe. Labor costs much lower in Central European Countries than in other Western European Nations. Additionally, they also offered huge advantages in terms of high productivity and simple taxes. However, of late, wage costs were on the rise and labor force was beginning to shrink with people migrating to richer European nations like Britain and Germany. There are three levels of strategy – Corporate Strategy, Business Strategy and Functional Strategy. The corporate strategy deals with the vision and mission of an organization. The Mission of Nokia is â€Å"Connecting people†. Its strategic intention is to â€Å"Build great mobile products†. The word â€Å"Nokia† is named after the Nokia river in Southern Finland. Beginning as early as in 1865 and with a rich history of a century and half of innovation, Nokia transformed itself from a riverside paper mill in Southern Finland to a global telecommunications leader. A conglomerate of paper, rubber, cable and electrical companies, it was only in 1996 that Nokia turned its focus on the telecommunications business. This was an important strategic shift and by 1998, Nokia was the world leader in mobile industry. Its new strategy drive includes changes in leadership and manufacturing specialized products. Its recent strategic direction has taken multi-faceted dimensions : Broad strategic partnership with Microsoft Renew group to capture volumes and value growth Forward investments in next generation technologies Focus on specialized products. The business strategy talks about the strategies related to a specific business of an organization. More specifically, they deal with its products, markets and competitive advantages. Nokia had always prided itself on innovation, differentiation and in building great products through continuous investments in research and development. It does not shy away from investments as well as divestments and focuses on shareholder value by concentrating on core competencies. It always had the larger picture in mind and its decisions were based on global operations and internatio nal strategy and not country-focused. Adapting itself beautifully to global trends, Nokia increased its market presence in China, India, Germany, Indonesia and Russia. It slowly extricated itself form markets like Brazil, Spain and Italy. In 2008, Nokia was the

Plot and Character Analysis of The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin Essay

Plot and Character Analysis of The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin - Essay Example special attention given to just how the story is to be told, authors can open the story to a variety of interpretations illustrating the complexities of life during a particular period in history. A close examination of Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† illustrates how the written word can be a powerful representation of the weight of social constraints on women during this period in time. In this very short story, Chopin shows how her main character, Louise Mallard, was effectively dehumanized by the expectations of role fulfillment imposed upon her by her husband and her society. The story begins by illustrating the perceived condition of Louise’s health as she reportedly has a weak heart. â€Å"It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences; veiled hints that revealed in half concealing† (Chopin). What her sister Josephine told her was that Louise’s husband was killed in a recent railroad accident, information that had been confirmed by a close family friend. Louise’s reaction to the news is remarked as somewhat surprising, but takes on greater significance later in the story. â€Å"She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms† (Chopin). From this point, there isn’t a great deal of physical action to the story. Louise retires to her room alone and sits in a chair looking out the window. As she reflects upon the news she has just received, Louise begins to see the remainder of her life in ways that might have been highly unexpected at the time. Instead of feeling that he r life was over because her husband is dead, Louise begins to see her life as just beginning. She will finally have a chance to make some of her own decisions. Although her life has been turned upside down, Chopin demonstrates through Louise’s thoughts that her world had already been upside down under the external conditions she’d been forced to accept and only now, with the death of her husband, was it righting

Court Case Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Court Case Paper - Essay Example The second is the classic view of the laissez faire liberalism that government should have nothing to do with the process of communication. And lastly, the new theory that the basic or paramount concern of an approach to the First Amendment should make the pivotal interest that of the reader, the listener and the viewer† (Blanchard, 1974, p. 409) In the similar case of Red Lion Broadcasting V. FCC, 395 US 367 (1969), the Supreme Court held that the â€Å"Fairness Doctrine† did not violate the First Amendment. According to Justice Black, the imposition of penalties to the broadcasters did not transgress the spirit of the First Amendment. The Fairness Doctrine states that â€Å"broadcasters are given airtime to freely discuss matters which covers national interest, to present the opposing views in the form of news segments, radio talk shows, public affairs shows or even editorials. The Fairness Doctrine which includes the personal attacks and the politician editorializing ruled were all designed to provide a structure for dialogue† (Blanchard, 1974, p. 410). It is undeniable that there are also evils in the press. There are countless instances where in the broadcast media and the press is guilty of committing error and inaccurate reports. However, â€Å"the media, even if guilty of misrepresentation, must also be protected, if freedom of the press are to have the breathing space that they need to survive† (Blanchard, 1974, p. 414). In the case at bar, the Court ruled that Massachusetts law violated the First Amendment. It relied on the previous decision of Richmond Newspapers V. Virginia, 448 US 555 (1980), where the Court held the First Amendment covers the freedom to listen and to receive information and ideas. The Court also emphasized that the First Amendment guarantees the right of assembly in public places, which include court houses. The Massachusetts court relied heavily on the Massachusetts statutes which excluded the general p ublic from trials involving sexual offenses of victims who are under the age of 18 and ordered that the press and public be excluded from the courtroom during the trial of a defendant, who was faced with charges of rape of three minor girls. Globe Newspaper Co. Although the right of access to criminal trials is not absolute, there are circumstances when the press and public is denied to access are limited. The State must show that â€Å"denial of such right is necessitated by a compelling governmental interest and is narrowly tailored to serve that interest. The First Amendment allows the right of access to criminal trials to ensure that the constitutionally protected "discussion of governmental affairs" is an informed one. The right of access to criminal trials in particular is properly afforded protection because such trials have historically been open to the press and public and because such right of access plays a particularly significant role in the functioning of the judicial process and the government as a whole† (Globe Newspaper Co.). Justice Brennan pointed out that the only justification to disallow media and the press from attending trial which concerns sex-offense of minors is to serve a compelling state interest. The Court found that no such interest was present in the case at bar. According to J. Brennan, although protecting the psychological, mental and

Social and economic Essay Example for Free

Social and economic Essay Aka fathers spend a high degree (almost half of their time) with their infants due to the cultural acceptance of this and the bond that is already in place with the mother. It is socially acceptable in this tribe and since the Aka do not hunt, the men have more time available to them. So economically, it is smart for the men to care for their children while women forage and farm to keep a strong symbiotic relationship with other tribes around them. Since, the men do not hunt and engage in more parenting than other tribes, they are not out competing with these other tribes and do not have any enemies for this reason, there is no warring or aggressiveness displayed by Aka fathers, because it would be detrimental to their survival. Other tribes are engaged in more aggressive behavior and this is dangerous, as the Aka (with their foraging through the jungle) are cited to be at a very high risk for the Ebola virus, so these fathers pay strong attention to the safety and closeness of their offspring. Describe the differences between father-infant bonding between the Aka and Americans. What are some of the cultural explanations for these differences? Parenting in any group is contingent upon money, time, and perceived power. Americans believe that fathers have more power in the family and that child-bonding is something that a mother can more powerfully achieve, while fathers are entitled to what is believed to be more important than bonding and that is providing monetarily. This power structure is strongly embedded in the American culture and is in direct contrast with the Akas. The Akas believe that caring for children is an equal enterprise between loving, bonded parents. There are no cultural sanctions on the fathers for spending time with their children (time that many American fathers do not have do to working outside the home). American fathers, if they do find time to bond to a high degree with their children, may find themselves labeled as feminine and this does not happen with Aka fathers. It is fair to say that the American culture overall is masculine in nature while they Akas are more androgynous.

Analytical Approaches in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Analytical Approaches in the Pharmaceutical Industry Miracles do happen and chances of happening such events are rare. Scientific discoveries have also seen such miracles. The approach and efforts required in scientific happenings are based on basic principles. The mode of application of these established principles differ from one stream to another stream of scientific disciplines. The principle of chemistry and physics are amalgamated to give rise to number of measuring devices. These devices are further restructured to suit application. Analytical chemistry can be defined as the science and art of determining the composition of materials in terms of their elements or compounds contained1 in it. Qualitative analysis gives useful details from which functional groups, structural features, atomic species or molecular species. Quantitative analysis gives numerical data in units i.e. percentage, parts per million, moles per liter etc. In above two types of analysis, the required data is obtained by measuring a physical property which is characteristically related to respective component of interest i.e. the analyte2. The most important aspect of analysis is quantitative analysis. The techniques of analytical chemist are of vital importance to the drug and pharmaceutical industries. Products are usually complex organic compounds or mixtures. Drugs prepared for human consumption requires strict standards of product quality be established and maintained. In past, methods of biological assay were often the only measure of product activity available. With the advent of modern instrumentation, techniques of analyst became more versatile and less time consuming, and quantitative analysis supplemented and sometimes replaced biological assay. In those instances where it is possible to establish a rigorous correlation between biological activity and chemical composition of product, analysis can be invaluable in controlling manufacturing operations as well as in determination of product purity and activity. It is noted that the progress and advancement of analytical chemistry depends to a greater extent upon an intelligent application of the fundamentals of physical chemistry and close relationship between physical and analytical chemistry. Recent rapid progress in physical methods of analysis, in many instances, resulted from pioneering investigations of scientists, principally physicists. In 1930 Willard recognized the demands being placed on analytical chemistry by rapid industrial progress. A parallel recognition of importance of analytical chemistry to industry occurred in Europe in same year. Churchill states that contribution of the analytical chemist to research program will be most effective if he is given the opportunity to participate while the program is being planned. In 1940s several direct reading quantitative spectrophotometers were reported. In these instruments the emitted spectral energy of certain chosen lines is transformed to a proportional electrical output by photomultiplier tubes. By suitable amplification and with appropriate recording devices, percentages of the constituents present are automatically recorded. The outstanding advantage of such equipment is its ability to reduce the time requirement for performing an analysis. New information made available by combining various tools of analytical chemist, has been described in several articles. The methods of analysis used to solve industrial problems may be classified as:- Fully developed, generally accepted methods of analysis. Generally accepted methods which are adapted to make them suitable for the problem. New methods which must be developed when available ones are not adequate. Industrial analysis is defined as the utilization of chemical and physical techniques for solving problems arising in industry. In some industrial processes it is desirable to obtain a very rapid or continuous analysis of a product or mixture. Considerable progress has been made in developing automatic method of analysis to fulfill this need. While it has not often been possible to automate entire procedures, from sampling to recording of results many examples of partly automated analytical operations can be cited. Factors pertinent to evaluation of analytical methods in each of these groups were discussed in the present section. A method of analysis is standard or accepted only in the sense that a number of analysts have judged it to be adequate for obtaining certain analytical information. Ideally, analyst views the standard method as a â€Å"best approach† rather than an obvious solution. If satisfactory results are obtained the method can be applied to the sample under consideration with some assurance that the experimental procedure is not at fault. The analyst himself should perform this part of work even if future measurements will be carried out by technicians or laboratory assistant. Only by performing the manipulation and observing the reaction can the analyst forming thoroughly acquainted with the details of an analytical procedure. The advisable method is when it appears to give satisfactory results, include consideration of interfering elements or compounds and determination of blank. While interferences which prevent a method from working properly are readily detected, those which produce a constant error in the analytical result are much more insidious and seldom apparent. Determination of a blank eliminates possible source of constant errors, such as contaminants in reagents and uncorrected background in instrumental measurements. In many standard methods the design and dimensions of the equipment are critical, particularly when properties of material rather than its composition is being studied. Many modification of an analytical method are possible and each problem or sample dictates the changes required to make the method effective. In some methods modification involves change in equipment or technique. For example, numerous spectrographic procedures have been developed for analyzing the metallic contaminants or additives in lubricating oils. Methods, which fail or suffer loss in sensitivity when certain interferences are present, may sometimes, need to be modified by introducing an additional step in the procedure which eliminates or deactivates the interfering element. Once a procedure has been adapted to a particular problem it may be evaluated in the same manner as a standard method. The usual precautions related to proper manipulation and standardizations, avoiding contamination and blank determinations must be observed. When problem is confronted which cannot be solved with established methods of analysis, it becomes necessary for analyst to create and develop new analytical procedures. This situation arises when any or all of the following factors are in effect. The substance sought has not previously been determined, when no methods are now available for all elements. The substance sought is a component of a mixture not previously analyzed. Any other element or compound present in a mixture may invalidate established methods of analysis by interference effects. Sometimes the component producing the interferences can be eliminated and a modified form of the original procedure can be used, as already described. Higher order of sensitivity is required when component sought is present in small quantity (mg). A method capable of analyzing in desired concentration range must be developed. Problems arising in industry are complicated by sample limitations. Often the sample is available in very small amounts and special techniques are required for gaining maximum information from a minimum quantity of material. Analysis must be non-destructive. At times it is required that the sample remain unaltered by the analytical procedure. For example compositional information on an expensive finished product is required, a non-destructive analytical method. Speed or time is critical requirement when conventional methods cannot complete an analysis within a prescribed time requirement, faster methods must be developed. Analytical Chemistry importance in different scientific areas: Importance of analytical chemistry in related scientific areas can be demonstrated by considering analytical chemistry’s impact on clinical analysis, and in pharmaceutical research and in quality control. Sensitive chemical and instrumental tests were advised in order to detect abnormal and normal components of body fluids. Blood and urine samples are determined for percentage of glucose, urea, nitrogen, protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, uric acid etc. Similarly, the quality of manufactured drug in tablets, solution and emulsion form must be carefully controlled in pharmaceutical industry, otherwise the drug can itself affect the therapeutic value. In other pharmaceutical studies, it is important to establish properties and therapeutic value of a drug before the drug is approved and made available to the public. Analytical Techniques: Few of medicinal products were still being analyzed by time-tested procedures of gravimetric and also titrimetric procedures. A wide diversity in different type of analytical techniques has been characteristic of assay methods for pharmaceutical products. Different analytical techniques were been employed for estimation of wide variety of components in the formulation:- Titrimetric and gravimetric method Colorimetric and UV spectrophotometric method Paper chromatography Preparative thin layer chromatography Column chromatography Ion-exchange chromatography Flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Variables in Quantitative Analysis: Inhomogeneity of the medicament Sampling error Preparation of samples such as extraction Precision, accuracy and ruggedness of the method Random error including that of the operator. Newer Analytical Techniques: As technology is developing, a number of new drugs are launched in the market and it is essential to develop new methods of analysis. It is necessary to do if; No analytical methods are available for a drug in official books such as pharmacopoeias. No literature reveals methods for estimation of drugs. Analytical method available only for single drug in a combined form of drug. No method reported for the estimation in biological fluids. NEED OF ANALYTICAL APPROACHES IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY The pharmaceutical industry has always had in place a series of process controls which assures the integrity of the end product. â€Å"A simple way of looking at it is that the Food Drugs Act Regulations are merely an auditing mechanism to quantify that industry has sufficient process controls and documented procedures in place to ensure they are in complete control of every aspect related to drug manufacturing,† There are in essence, three pillars to drug manufacturing and distribution: 1. Quality Assurance (QA) 2. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) 3. Quality Control (QC) Quality Assurance is ensuring that you get what you pay for. It is the insurance policy for the manufacturer.† As a brief overview, the GMPs are part of Quality Assurance and ensure that drugs are produced consistently and are controlled at each and every step. QC is a part of Good Manufacturing Practices and is responsible for sampling and also for testing. It examines and ensures that all aspects of product from raw materials and integrity of the product itself to the packaging materials and insert, meet their specifications. It encompasses testing of the end product and all of its primary ingredients. QA covers documentation of all of the procedures that have taken place from start to finish of entire process. This, in combination with QCs sampling and testing, allows QA to ensure products integrity, purity and potency have not been compromised and it has satisfied all requirements. When QA is completed and satisfactory, the final step is permitted allowing a product to be r eleased for sale to the consumer. But, their job doesn’t stop here. Since Quality Assurance is responsible for assuring that final product is meeting quality, consistency and integrity for its intended use, it must also account for when the product leaves the manufacturing site. Thus, QA is also responsible for ensuring that appropriate arrangements have been made with distributors and warehouses to guarantee that the product is handled, stored and shipped in such a way that its quality is maintained for the duration of its approved shelf life. The overall time required for development of a pharmaceutical from Discovery Research through to the Regulatory Review Phase. There is clear evidence that this can in some cases take upwards of 15 years with costs reaching into millions of dollars. With this level of Research and Development investment, the industry has no intention of allowing a breakdown in final stages of manufacturing and distribution process. Therefore, before a product actually reaches market, QA involvement is also the key in the registration dossier preparation. A portion of this dossier contains a Master Production Document (MPD) which outlines exactly how the product will be manufactured. Within this MPD, a manufacturer defines clear specifications for all raw materials, packaging materials, in-process and finished product along with the sampling procedures and also Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) related to critical processing. The issuing of a Notice of Compliance and a Drug Identification Number are contingent on a complete and acceptable Master Production Document. Then manufacturing license holders are also responsible for conducting an annual self-inspection and documenting their procedures and processes are in compliance with the requirements of the GMPs. If the manufactured product is stored in bottles (syrups), fabricating, packaging/labeling, importation, distribution, wholesale (Schedule C, D, F or G products) or testing of pharmaceutical products must first hold an Establishment License issued by Government. PRESENT STUDY: Development of new drugs, drug manufacturing is dependent on drug analysis. Pharmaceutical companies depend upon drug analysis quantitatively to conform that the raw materials used, in-process compounds and final products manufactured were meeting the required specifications. New drug formulations and new drugs were introduced into the market at increased pace compared to earlier days, as the technology is developed. These formulations and drugs were either new chemical entities or partial structural modifications of existing drugs or new dosage forms. Frequently, it happens that the new drugs inclusion in pharmacopoeias will be delayed because of several reasons. Hence these standards or the analytical methods for these drugs may not be available in pharmacopoeias. Hence it is essential to develop new methods of analysis for these drugs. Based on this, few combinations were selected for the present studies which were currently marketed from Anti Hypertensives17-22, Anti HIV23-35 and Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs36-47. Amlodipine Besylate Telmisartan Lamivudine Zidovudine Thiocolchicoside Etoricoxib Literature survey was performed extensively and it was found that spectrophotometric methods were reported and also HPLC methods were reported for the determination of these drugs from their biological fluids. However, there were no reports found for their quantitation by HPLC methods from their formulations. Hence it is essential to develop newer rapid analytical methods3-16 on HPLC.

Insulin Response in Low Carbohydrate Diets Essay -- Health Nutrition D

Insulin Response in Low Carbohydrate Diets   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the current popularity of the Atkins diet and similar plans that emphasize a reduced intake of carbohydrates, it is important to understand both the theory underlying these diets and the effects of low carbohydrate consumption on one's health. In particular, it is crucial that anyone considering such a program understand the effects of low carbohydrate diets on the body's insulin response, as well as consequences of low and high insulin levels in the blood. Therefore, the research on the insulin response to reduced carbohydrate energy bars contained in the article "Glycemic and insulinemic responses to energy bars of differing macronutrient composition in healthy adults" by Steven R. Hertzler and Yeonsoo Kim should be considered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The basic concept of the Atkins diet is that certain high carbohydrate foods, such as bread and foods high in sugar, should be reduced or eliminated from the diet, or at least replaced by foods lower in carbohydrates. An example of an acceptable low carbohydrate food is the Atkins Advantage Bar, a low-carbohydrate energy bar that is primarily protein and fat and which represents the low carbohydrate food studied by Hertzler and Kim. The scientific theory behind Atkins' proposed shift from carbohydrate and toward protein and fat is that carbohydrates theoretically elicit an increased insulin response. In this context, "increased insulin response" means that the pancreas releases high amounts of insulin into the bloodstream during the digestion of carbohydrates. The Atkins theory also holds that there is a link between high insulin levels in the blood and undesired metabolic effects. Such effe... ...response may suggest that these diets do not achieve this objective. A probable explanation for the increased insulin response of the low and moderate carbohydrate bars is that protein and/or fat are substituted for the removed carbohydrate, and both protein and fat can trigger an increased insulin response. However, it is more likely that the protein triggered the insulin response since several studies have demonstrated that dietary protein and certain amino acids, the building blocks of protein, are insulinogenic, or insulin inducing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thus, participants in a low carbohydrate program may continue to experience the adverse metabolic conditions of inhibited fat breakdown and increased blood cholesterol. Additionally, these data suggest that such diets might not contribute to weight loss or to bettering one's overall health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Essay --

Over the past century, many countries have started implementing community water fluoridation as a method of promoting dental care. As a result, fluoridation has generated both positive and negative consequences for the human body and the societies. Fluoridation is defined as â€Å"the process of adding fluoride ions to the public water supplies for the purpose of reducing the incidence of dental caries.†1 Whether or not community water fluoridation will benefit society is a controversial issue. On the one hand, excess amounts of fluoride could lead to potential health problems and affect many tissues in the body besides the teeth. Furthermore, fluoridation removes individuals’ rights to choose what they ingest from the public water supplies and their rights to receive tailored medication. On the other hand, water fluoridation is considered safe for both the environment and individuals at optimal levels and it is an effective approach to distribution. Finally, because th e access to running water is widespread and cost-effective, water fluoridation could benefit the whole population equally. Firstly, when the amount of fluoride in the human body exceeds the prescribed standards, there is an association between fluoride and several health concerns. There is minimal difference between the toxic and effective dose. Therefore it is possible for individuals to suffer from consequences of fluoride over-exposure, such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. According to the Fluoride Alert Organization, fluoride could also disrupt the normal endocrine functions of several tissues and organs, including the bones, the brain, the thyroid gland, the pineal gland, and even blood sugar levels.2 For example, researchers claimed that acute poisoning of fluor... ...ves in the public water supplies must apply to the levels formulated in the â€Å"Guidelines for the Use of Fluorides† published by Ministry of Health. According to New Zealand Dental Association’s study, in every single year, water fluoridation is estimated to prevent 58,000-267,000 cases of dental caries and associated illnesses. Also, there is a strong association between community water fluoridation and the decrease of children’s dental hospital admission rates.10 Over 60 years ago, researchers have been recording the effectiveness of community water fluoridation,8 which shows that there is a history of positive water fluoridation. Together with these contemporary findings, they prove the continuing effectiveness of fluoridation. Thus, public water supplies are ideal medium for fluoride and water fluoridation is a both safe and effective method at recommended levels.

Mobile Phone and Technology

Technology these days has advanced our lifestyle. Things have become so easy. Technology is being used everywhere and in everything. Several devices have been introduced like laptops and tablets. Each of them have their own versions with even more advanced apps. Such devices help us finish loads of work with ease, but using such devices even in fields of education might affect the habits of students.Schools have started introducing the idea of using tablets for taking down notes, writing simple tests and completing their projects. This gets the mind of a student completely in technology and they tend to forget the use of books. Earlier students did not have the idea of using internet to browse information about different topics and were dependent completely on books which resulted in a very good vocabulary, but students these days do not have much of a good vocabulary.They start to expect everything just by a touch on the screen. The students finish their work just for the sake of it and actually don't show any interest in it. Technology is good enough provided it is used in the right field and in the right age. Technology has evolved a lot and has introduced several innovative solutions to the entire world. Imagine a world without any means of technologically related gadgets. We can’t imagine a day without technology. Mobile phones and computers have remarkably gained a role in each and everyone life. For me, technology is all about communication related gadgets. What do you think?Today morning I woke up to sound of my mobile phone’s alarm screeching, and turned on radio to know the news. The radio is also attached with my mobile phone. Getting ready myself to go to office, I received a call from my colleague and who is tend to come to meet me this afternoon. I’ve reached the office and put my fingerprint on a machine to mark my arrival to the office. Then I check my emails. Still continuing works with computer. Ooh! no.. It’s all a bout tech, tech and tech. Technology has the power to rule myself throughout the day. Is it a normal condition? Many people tend to blame the technology, which has made people to look like annoying. Aren’t you feeling like this? Technology has its pros and cons, where we are  choosers to make our choice to make technology a boon.Modern life has been made easier with technology, but for every development, there is an equivalent increase in complication that seems to compensate those benefits. When contemporary day problems occur, we usually don’t have the time or power to figure out how to solve them and what to do with them. Here I am going to give you a guide, which can help you certain extent to solve modern problems that have aroused by technology.When it comes to computer, the internet is the phenomenal invention of all time, where we can find anything and everything on the go. And also, there is a potential of frustration on it to find suitable things in at a gi ven period of time. So here is a quick list on how to grip some of these darned problems.Get Rid Of InterruptionThe main source of inefficiency comes with distractions. By eliminating distractions we can have a boost in our lifestyle. Let’s say if you’re busy with a work, while your email notification blinks on your screen. How would you face this scenario? You have nothing to do with it rather than staring at what the notification says. This is how distractions come to our way to disturb the way we doing well.Opening multiple web browser open on the same desktop also, gives your interruptions and make you clueless where to look for that you’ve already opened to work. Eliminating these scenarios will make your day a wonderful with technology. Disturbances should be avoided, but every so often a bit of music in the background can help you focus. Of course, it doesn’t have to be weighty rock music, but a bit of melody may do you some fine.Learn To Say †˜No’If you tend to say ‘yes’ and agree with anything, it means you’re putting yourself in to trouble. Instead of agree with every task that you supposed to do, you can set limit and inform the relevant people that you can’t do it beyond a certain extend. Saying ‘No’ to a request is very hard, but it makes  you to feel better than ever. The raising of always on culture its employer always tries to connect his/her employees every possible time to get their work done. Don’t let it happened to you. Mobile phone might become you merely disturbance for you. Set your rules and inform them to the people who mostly care about you and your work. If you bind with the rules you can have more free time by eliminating unwanted call time.Set Limits To The InternetThe Internet has become one of the number one distractions. But, you can have the internet like a source; try to do more works in offline, it may help you to gain productivity in to your lifestyle. There are plenty of applications available on the internet to help you to work online with internet distractions. Google Gears is one of the well-known, best and reliable tools to work with. Just give a shot a try it and ultimately you’ll feel the difference about the way you work with computer thus, technology related gadgets.Switch OffThis is a very efficiency way of doing things better. You have nothing to do with it, just switch off the gadgets for certain time span, which are mostly annoying you. Most likely computer and mobile phone will be come in to this category. While you doing this you’ll feel calm and better mood. You can make this habit a routine and inform your colleagues and friends that you’re not available on particular time period. You can even put a remark on your email signature stating that you only reply for mail on particular time of the day. If someone intend reach you urgently, they might call you via phone or any other means. Simply unplug and feel the difference.Technology has introduced several gadgets; everything has the potential of being user friendly and helpful. If we make those gadgets into much troublesome we might lose our pleasant way of life to it. Don’t make technology to rules you, if you let you to control the technology it might become bane for you. But, if you control the technology to work for you by having alternative efficient ways, you probably have technology as boon. I hope.

Riba & Its Types

Riba' The word â€Å"Riba† means excess, increase or addition, which correctly interpreted according to Shariah terminology, implies any excess compensation without due consideration (consideration does not include time value of money). Types of Riba: 1. Riba' AnNisi'ah: This is the stipulated interest which the lender takes from the borrower in consideration of the time given to the borrower to pay back the capital. It is HARAM based on the Quran and the Sunnah and the consensus of Muslim scholars. . Riba' Al Fadl:   This applies to barter (exchanging one commodity for another), where   commodities of the same type are exchanged in unequal amounts, especially the exchange of precious metals and foodstuffs, it is HARAM, by the Sunnah and the concensus of scholars; as it paves the way for Riba' nNasi'ah. Numerous ahadith have demonstrated the prohibition with regard to gold, silver, wheat, barley, dates, and salt. The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem said, â€Å"Gold for gold, and silver for silver, and wheat for wheat, and barley for barley, and dates for dates, and salt for salt, like for like, equal for equal, from hand to hand (the transaction must be completed before the two sides leave each other). But if the types are different then sell as you wish, as long as it is hand to hand. †Ã‚   (Muslim) The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem also said, â€Å"Whoever gives more or asks for more (than what he gave) commits an act of Riba', the given and the taken are equivalent (in the sin). (Muslim) The Prophet sallaAllahu ‘alayhi wa sellem said, â€Å"Prohibited selling food (of the same variety) except equivalent in weight and hand to hand. † (Muslim) â€Å"Do not sell gold for gold unless equivalent in weight (and from hand to hand), and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa, and do not sell silver for silver unless equivalent in we ight (and from hand to hand), and do not sell less amount for greater amount or vice versa and do not sell gold or silver that is not present at the moment of exchange for gold or silver that is present. †Ã‚   (agreed upon) To lend a bank money or borrow from it on the condition of a payment of a fixed annual or monthly percentage rate of interest, say 2%, or more or less, is a form of PROHIBITED RIBA'. â€Å"†¦ whereas Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Riba' (usury)†¦ †Ã‚   2:275 Poverty isn't an excuse for Riba'. Mudaraba: which is a form of partnership where one person invests money and the other invests his skill and effort, and they share the profit or loss of the enterprise, so Islam did not impose any hardship on the people (by prohibiting Riba') but rather it provided them with a viable alternative to it, among them are the following: . Qard Hasan (a beautiful loan): Istead of a Muslim loaning his money on interest which causes pollution and blight on all his property and oppresses the borrower, Islam encourages him to make the loan Qard Hasan, and promised him a gracious reward for it;   Allah said, â€Å"Who is he that will lend to Allah a goodly loan so that Her ma y multiply it to him many times? †Ã‚   2:245 2. Giving an extension to a person who cannot repay the loan on time because of financial difficulty, until he gets back on his feet. And Islam encourages the lender to forgive the loan altogether in this circumstance;   Allah said, â€Å"And if the debtor is in a hard time (has no money), then grant him time till it is easy for him to repay, but if you remit it by way of charity, that is better for you if you did but know. † 2:280 3. Mutual Aid by all means: This encompasses mutual aid on a social level, in industry and in agriculture, and social security by financing farmers and industrialists and craftsmen in order to enable them to produce effectively. This returns a benefit to the whole Ummah. Also, opening schools and buidling hospitals and homes for the elderly and the incapacitated and all other items alike fall under the mutual aid mentioned in the verse†¦ â€Å"†¦ help you one another in Al Birr and atTaqwa (virtue, righteousness and piety);†¦ †Ã‚   5:2                    The society which realizes these means will proceed, in the shade of this comprehensive mutual aid, happily and far removed from the distress of Riba'. . We should not forget the payment of Zakat to those who deserve it. This will have a major impact on getting rid of Riba'. BEWARE:   from putting your money in a *nonIslamic bank*. Even if you don't take interest on it, the bank takes your money and loans it out to gain interest. So you are helping the Riba' system, and are indirectly responsible and beware from taking loans from those banks.

Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Assignment

Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance - Assignment Example aler to make good on any offer made through an advertisement exclusively based on the fact that the customer had to travel a distance in the heat to get to the destination of sale. However, on an ethical standpoint, it would seem inappropriate to disengage a customer, especially one who has made such extensive efforts to avail the offer. When Tony quoted the price of â€Å"$3,000 firm†, he indeed made an offer to the customer that he was willing to purchase the truck for the said amount. By adding the word â€Å"firm† to the sentence, he further validated this price. In financial markets, the word â€Å"firm† is used to indicate that a price is readily available and can be taken up on. Thus it is safe to assume that Tony made a valid offer to the customer. However, the issue arises as to whether a contract is in effect. In legal terms, a contractual obligation can arise on a verbal commitment, but there is no way to substantiate the claim in case either party backs down. Thus it is safe to say that a contractual agreement has not taken place between the dealer and the customer. Therefore it is not a binding offer on the part of the dealer. However, sales’ ethics implies that if a verbal offer is communicated to a customer, it should be honored. The whole premise of marketing and sales revolves around ethical communication, and on those grounds, the dealer should stick to his word. Again, its not compulsory in the eyes of law, but business ethics dictate that the deal should be honored. Employees of the advertiser cannot take advantage of any special promotion offers that are taking place. This clause also extends to the immediate family of the employee. Mr Daniel Myers states that â€Å"Companies often disqualify their employees from special offers and specials in order to avoid the appearance of inside dealing or impropriety.† The reason behind this is that employees may have access to information which may pertain to that particular promotion. Using this

American heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American heritage - Essay Example Listing of the rights makes the Bill of Rights more ineffective and dangerous for the reason that most Governments often abuse rights that are not documented. In addition, the congress is given certain powers by the Constitution, yet the Bill of Rights lists the same rights that the Congress cannot violate; it has no power to do so. Originally, anyone who violated the rights of citizens could be simply thrown out of office. In this sense therefore, a Bill of Rights was needless in a nation where citizens have the right to do away with officials from office. A senior official who demoralized his constituents was to face the music (McNeese, 2001). The original constitution specifically listed the powers of the Federal Government and it thus had no right to interfere with anything that was not specifically listed. Through listing rights in the initial amendments, it seems to be granting rights to citizens, even those who were for the Bill of Rights put it their to simply state what was not within the control of the Federal Government. However, by doing this, it was perceived that rights that were given to the Americans by the constitution were essential rights that citizens thought were natural or God-given but exceed government. The concept of separation of power entails the distribution of powers among three branches of government. Article I, II, and III of the U.S constitution provides for the separation among the executive, judicial, and legislative branches. It was not meant to take away power from the government, but rather to spread power evenly in all divisions of the government and to prevent one arm from possessing too much power. The system of sharing power or checks and balances is what limits the power of each branch. The Legislative branch is made up of the Senate and the House; the President, his vice, and the Departments make up the Executives, while the Supreme

Can we trust othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Can we trust othello - Essay Example The end of such works has always resulted in the death of the protagonist. Aristotle had said that (Stanley C. Boorman, 1962): The above line is an excerpt from ‘Poetics’, a work of Aristotle that has been the basis for many of Shakespeare’s novels including ‘Othello’. There has been a stress on the part of the playwright to express a hero’s tragedy in all its forms. Additionally, it has also been emphasized that the protagonist must be characterized by a significant flaw that should ultimately lead to its downfall. In the case of the ‘Othello’, which has been named aptly after the protagonist himself the story ends with Othello killing his wife Desdemona on suspicions of adultery before turning the dagger onto himself (Oscar Zarate, 1983). The present story is an attempt to argue that the character depiction of Othello in the play is one that is not capable of being trusted on the basis of several arguments. The following paragraphs will highlight the subject further. Othello is one of the most widely discussed plays that has been researched over several decades by many eminent philosophers and critics. As such, the role of various characters and subjects dealt with in the essay have been discussed quite widely and are available for further discussion and refinement in the form of books, articles and journal publications that have been published over the years. Given the abundance of this information, the current study aims to highlight the intended argument by citing several critical examples and excerpts from a few literary sources that are deemed requisite for the argument. Along with these arguments, the essay will simultaneously argue the stand taken by basing on these citations. While studying literary works, the use of theory of post colonialism is often found which deals with works that originated from previously colonized places such as Britain or France. The theory discussed on

Analyse the differences between the customer products offered by Essay

Analyse the differences between the customer products offered by Network Carriers and Low Cost Carriers - Essay Example When it comes to Asia, existence of Southwest effect has been observed that the growth of LCC terminals might balance. This paper involves assessing, evaluating and examining; how deregulation and the growth of LCCs (Low Cost Carriers) have affected international competition and market trends in the type of products offered to customers in air travel. The major concern of Airline Deregulation Act was to end government interference in prices, routes and new entries from aviation. It was to permit airline customers to come across true and open airline market forces. But The Act could not completely end or reduce the FAAs regulatory interference. The radical deepened the catastrophe attacks on September 11, 2001. Astonishingly at foremost momentary look, low-cost carriers (LCCs) were not only passed, but were boosted by this enormous recession. On continental travel routes, LCCs are competent to convey 80% of the overhaul superiority at a reduced amount of about 50% of the price tag of NCs. accordingly; LCCs can—at least in hypothesis—embark on more than 70% of continental O&Ds, captivating them far-flung from their genesis as function businesses. Nonetheless, for most transnational routes bundling stipulate in a focal point remnants a required prerequisite. Confront for NCs is now to reinvent their possess business representation. This article analyzes the explanation drivers of the present-day changeover segment and outlines the vision of highly developed airline business models that potentially guide to a new era of stability. Apiece airline is a multifarious classification that lives from the interface in the middle of an assortment of parts of the classification: aircrafts, airports, passengers, aviation course of action. In the current decades, the LCCs are converted into significant dramatis personae in air carrying around the world particularly in Europe and Asia.

APP assignment6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APP assignment6 - Assignment Example hey’s uses the batch process is shown in the division between the processing of cocoa beans, roasting the beans, making the chocolate liquor, and so on. In a way, Hershey’s also uses the assembly method because it employs mechanized fixed production arrangements to produce the same goods. The special hulling machine that takes out the nib or the inside of the bean from the shell is one example of automation used by Hershey’s in its production. Automation regulates the speed of different related activities that are carried out in step (Wilson & Hill 23)—roasting the beans, producing chocolate liquor, mixing milk-sugar and chocolate liquor, mixing cocoa butter with chocolate crumb, conching, cooling the chocolate, then packaging. Hershey’s chocolate making is continuous, not intermittent. Continuous refers to a form of production that operates continually with no irregularities or repeated pauses. In the continuous production method, products are generated continually according to demand estimate (Wilson & Hill 37). Hershey’s mass produce chocolates or manufacture chocolates on a massive scale for selling and supplying. The company does not produce in accordance to customer’s orders. The production method of a chocolate industry is largely determined by the demand projection. The features of a continuous production method that are demonstrated by the Hershey’s chocolate making system are as follows: process production is continuous; mass production; the products are generated on fixed quality criteria; and the products are generated in forecast of demand. If Hershey’s wants to open a new manufacturing facility in the U.S. Midwest it has to consider several factors. First is the availability or accessibility of resources or raw materials. The company should make sure that its facilities are near to a source of cacao. If these facilities are not located near to such sources, then the cost of transportation and sourcing will cut down the company’s

Agricultural Wastes as Growing Medium for Pomelo Citrus Grandis Essay Example for Free

Agricultural Wastes as Growing Medium for Pomelo Citrus Grandis Essay The study was conducted to evaluate the use of agricultural wastes as useful growing media for pomelo (citrus grandis) as compared to fertile soil. This agricultural research aims to determine the higher-value uses of agricultural wastes such as animal manure, rice hulls and bran by using it as media for growth of pomelo. The scope included only the utilization native duck manure, fresh rice ban, fresh rice hulls and parboiled rice hulls. The process involves the preparation of pomelo seedlings, preparation of growing media, transplanting method, sustaining growth and monitoring growth of pomelo seedlings in terms of height of the plant and the number of leaves. The pomelo seedlings were observed to survive during the experimentation period. However, the growth varied from one medium to another. To compare the growth rate of pomelo seedlings in agricultural wastes and soil, the t-test was used. It is determined by the mean sample of growth of pomelo plant in the growing to media as labeled T1 to T3 as compared to a standard mean sample, that of the soil, T4. The computed value of t at pgt;. 05 is 1. 23 and 2. 47 less than the critical value 2. 920. This result revealed that there is no significant difference between soil and animal manure-parboiled rice hulls as growing media of pomelo plant. While the greater tcomputed value of T1 and T2 divulged that there is a significant difference between the growth rate of pomelo in the soil and in fresh rice bran (T1) and hulls (T2). This proves that agricultural wastes can be used as growing media for pomelo seedlings. This also affirms that agricultural wastes can help plant breeders to lessen expenses in terms of growing media necessary for plant growth.

Changing Business Environment of Coca-Cola

Changing Business Environment of Coca-Cola Summary The objective of this research is to study and evaluate the changing business environment of Coca-Cola over the past 5 years. To understand what business environment is one should have a clear idea initially about business. Business can be referred to as an economic act performed by an organization to attain its goals regarding profit, production etc. Any company would be affected by the environment surrounding it. PankajMehra (2008) defined Business Environment as The set of external factors such as the economic factors, socio-cultural factors, government and legal factors, demographic factors, geophysical factors, which are uncontrollable in nature and effects the business decisions of a firm or company. The research thus conducts a PEST analysis of Coca-Cola as well as identifies the environmental and ethical factor affecting the company. After the analysis, suggestions were given that would help the company to cope up with the challenges and changes that is being faced in the cur rent business scenario. PankajMehra, Aspects of Business Environment, 2008, Omega Publications INTRODUCTION During the recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of people who are interested in Business. This was triggered by the flourishing of Far Eastern economies and especially the progress of China. So it is quite important for students to have an idea about business environment so that they can easily understand how business decisions are made and what the impact of each decision is. Generally business environment is divided into two- Micro environment and Macro environment. Another way is to categorize business environment into General and Specific environments. However there exists only minimal difference between these categorizations. There is another approach which views an organization as open system. This is referred to as Systems Model of organization and its environment. Thus business of an organization is thus influenced by a number of external factors which include political, social, and technological and many more. Hence every organization is keenly observing these dynamic forces in order to equip themselves against contingencies. There are a number of methods that help an organization to analyze its surrounding environment. This includes SWOT, PEST, SLEPT etc. PEST analysis has been used in this study and also the ethical and environmental factors are identified. This report looks at the Multi-national beverage company Coca-Cola, the worlds most recognized brand. Coca-Cola is a multinational company operating in almost 200 countries or territories. It is a beverage company and is into the production and distribution of non-alcoholic drinks. The main brand of the company is the aerated drink Coca-Cola or Coke. The company at present owns more than 400 brands across seven continents. Due to this fact, the company is likely to be affected by the fluctuations in the business environment, globally as well as on each country. The company hence introduces innovative strategies and takes business decisions in order to cope up with the turbulent environment. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company John Kew, John Stredwick, (2005), Business environment: managing in a strategic context, CIPD Publishing ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND SOME FACTS Founded: 1886 Headquarters: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Chairman and CEO: Muhtar Kent Revenue: USD 31.0 Billion (FY 2009) Employees: 92,400 (Oct 2009) Operations: 200 Countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company CORPORATE VISION MISSION Vision People: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization Mission To refresh the world To inspire moments of optimism and happiness To create value and make a difference. http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.html DESCRIPTION The journey of Coca-Cola started when the syrup of Coca-Cola was mixed with soda. It was done in a pharmacy in Atlanta, USA. Even today, the company I headquartered in Atlanta. Thus the company began as a soda fountain beverage selling firm. It sold a glass of drink for five cents. The initial progress of the company was quite remarkable, but only when a solid and strong bottling system developed could it emerge as one of the largest corporations as of today. Coca-Cola functions as a franchised distribution system. Thus the company only produces the syrup and it is then sold off to thousands of bottlers around the world. As per the annual report of 2005, the company operates in more than 200 countries. The beverages which bear the trademarks or licenses of Coca-Cola account to almost 1.5 billion. It was declared that Coca-Cola became the first brand in United Kingdom to cross  £1 billion in yearly grocery sales in the year 2010. Coca-Cola today is the worlds most popular brand. The annual company report of 2006 stated that the second most recognized expression in the world after OK is Coca-Cola. The strength of the company lies in it branding. Coca-Colas branding strategy lies on three As- availability, acceptability and affordability. The company competes not only to every carbonated or soft drink available in the world but even considers water as its competitor. For it, every product that has a share in human liquid consumption is its rival. At present Coca-Cola serves almost one billion servings per day. That means every second 12500 bottles are being consumed. The company was able to achieve this only because they made use of the most finest and innovative technologies available. During these 125 years of existence, the company has gone through different strategic paradigm shifts that involve financial re-engineering to debts on offload bottling and from product expansion to progress through distribution. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company Brand Spotlight: Coca-Cola http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/historybottling.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/14306067/Coca-Cola Business Environment The business environment of an organization is situational. That means every organization have a unique environment of its own. Due to this fact, the external factors influencing the company would also be different. The systems model of an organization and its environment views the organization as an open system. This model advocates that there are two ways in which an organization communicates with its environment. It acquires inputs/ resources from the environment, transforms it into finished product/services and distributes the outputs back. These outputs are meant to meet the needs of customers (Figure 1.1). Environment Organization Environment Money Machinery People Technology Materials Conversion Goods Services Information Waste Figure 1.1: Systems Model John Kew, John Stredwick, (2005), Business environment: managing in a strategic context, CIPD Publishing Analyzing the environment It is not a difficult task for the organization to analyze the task environment as they will have good knowledge about their customers, suppliers etc. But analyzing the general environment is more complex. The different factors in the general environment will have to be first identified. One of the most popular tools for analysis is PEST. This method segregates the environment into four components: Political/legal Economic Socio-cultural Technological PEST analysis was later modified into PESTLE analysis. This was done by splitting the political and legal factors as well as by adding a new factor i.e. environment. The major reason behind this addition was the increasing concern over global warming and other ecological issues. By the year 2000, another method was introduced which was named STEEPLE. This method have a new factor i.e. ethics. This factor was added due to the growing awareness about corporate social responsibility and business ethics. John Kew, John Stredwick, (2005), Business environment: managing in a strategic context, CIPD Publishing Analysis of the environment of Coca-Cola Social Factors: Over the past 5 years the numbers of people who are conscious about their health have increased exponentially. This is especially true in USA where more and more people are practicing healthier lifestyles. Researches indicate that soda and other sweetened drinks are the chief calorie sources in the diet of an American. Due to this fact, doctors and nutritionists advice people to reduce the daily consumption of drinks like Coca-Cola since they can be harmful to their health. In USA, drinks like Coca-Cola and Pepsi were found to be the main reason for obesity among young children and women. Studies have also revealed that regular intake of Coke and the like products reduce the absorption of minerals like Calcium, Magnesium, Ascorbic acid, Riboflavin and Vitamin A. Thus the company is facing a setback from the home country itself. In 2005, many lawyers and environmentalists charged a lawsuit against Coca-Cola and other soft drinks industry for excessive selling of their brands in school s. Coca-Cola also faced much resistance from the Eastern countries where there was a high consumption of tea and other milk fermented drinks. So the company in 2010 introduced a new drink named Sprite Tea which was a mix of sprite and tea. Before that in 2008, it launched a tea brand named Yuang Ye and Jackie Chan was the brand ambassador of the product. This was launched in China and other eastern countries. In 2004, the company also launched a wellness drink in Japan for women. Apart from that there are number of social ventures into which the company is into. It is providing resources like books and scholarships to needy children. Apart from that it has introduced a program in Pakistan that is into providing basic education to children. In 2004, the company donated à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬50,000 to SOS Kinderdorf, a childrens charity organization in Austria. A sum of 1 million USD was also donated for awareness against HIV/AIDS in 2007. www.thecoca-colacompany.com//10/Coca-Cola_10-K_Item_01ab.pdf http://www.virtualvender.coca-cola.com/ft/index.jsp www.thecoca-colacompany.com//eu_business_social_review2005.pdf www.thecoca-colacompany.com//2007-2008_sustainability_review.pdf http://blog.7xpub.com/2010/02/heaven-earth.html http://www.docshare.com/doc/8487/An-Analysis-of-The-Coca-Cola-Companys-Markets Technological Factors Coca-Cola is always a pioneer institution in bringing out innovative technologies. In 2007, it came up with a new technology that would help customers to have ice-chilled coke wherever they want. This technology will work in such a way that when the cap of the bottle is opened, the mechanism inside will make ice out of the drink inside. The company also introduced this technology in 2008 with a new product called Sprite Super Chilled. In the same year, the company announced to use coolers and vending machines free of HFC in the venues of 2008 Olympic Games to show its commitment towards environment protection. The company developed this technology together with Green Peace. In the year 2009, the company introduced another technology into their vending machines. These Freestyle machines will be having touch screens and the customer can mix up to a variety of 100 drinks at a single time. Popsci.com has named this as the Most Advanced Soda Fountain Ever. In 2009 itself the company introduced bottles which are partially made from plants and hence can be recycled completely. This bottle also has a reduced carbon emission when compared with ordinary plastic bottles. The company has also introduced innovative technologies in the entertainment field. In 2006, the company installed Dhoom 2-Juke boxes in and around Delhi (India). A limited series of Coke bottles were then brought into the market whose labels contained specific codes. When these labels are swiped into the Juke boxes, the customers could see the exclusive visuals of Dhoom 2 movie. http://www.techdigest.tv/2007/09/new_technology_1.html http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1973430/cocacola_meets_technology_touch_screen.html www.greenpeace.org//en/news//coca-cola-to-champion-our-cool/ http://www.greentechnolog.com/2009/09/cocacolas_new_plant_bottle.html http://www.coca-colaindia.com/media/media_news_releases_detail.aspx?id=189 Economic Factors: The company went through a major economic phase in the past five years. The income tax payment has increased from 1.5 billion USD in 2006 to 1.9 billion USD in 2007. But the capital expenditures have also increased from 1.4 billion USD in 2006 to 2 billion USD in 2008. Still the company managed to have revenue of 31.9 billion USD in 2008. The above graph shows the fluctuations in the stock prices of Coke from September 2009 to February 2010. In 2008, the world faced the global economic crunch and this naturally had an impact on the company. The main reason for this was that 75% of companys sales is derived outside of North America. But, reports revealed that the company was not much affected by the economic downturn. The first quarterly results of 2009 showed that the sales have increased by 2 percent in USA and by 3 percent around the world. This was because the company positioned it well in the international markets. The company also had a remarkable increase in business in India. In 2009, the companys business increased by 31 percent in this country despite the various environmental protests against it. But the final quarter results of 2009 showed a decrease of 18 percent in the companys profit worldwide. In 2010, the company registered revenue of 7.53 billion US dollars in the first quarter. This shows that the company expects to have a bright year ahead. http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/16128/ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29161172/ http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Coca-Cola_Company_(KO) http://equityclock.com/pictures/CocaColaEnterprisesInc.TechnicalAnalysis_3A38/image_thumb_3.png Environmental Factors: The company has been accused of a number of environmental issues around the world. In India, Coca-Cola has been nicknamed even as Killer Coke in certain areas. It was feared that Coke contains hazardous levels of pesticides that could cause numerous health issues. A study conducted by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), New Delhi, revealed that Coke and Pepsi contains toxins like lindane, DDT, malathion etc. These pesticides if consumed could even result in Cancer or irreparable damage to immune system. CSE also found that the Coke that is sold in India contained 30 times the permitted level of pesticide residues as per European Union regulations. 1n 2005, the Kerala State government banned the production and selling of Coke but it was overturned by the state high court in the same year itself. The company was also blamed for over use of water resources and thus depleting the ground water table. The 16$ bottling plant in Kerala was shut down in 2004 due to severe decay in both quantity and quality of water in the surrounding areas. The plant there uses almost 900,000 litres of water every year for its purposes. According to the renowned environmentalist Vandana Shiva, it takes almost 9 litres of water to produce one litre of Coca-Cola. In the holy city of Varanasi, India, the Coca-Cola plant near the Ganges has been accused for emitting waste water which contained toxins into the river. The packaging of the bottles has also been a cause of concern to the public and alleges to have serious environment impact. The company still claims to be environmental friendly in all its ventures. The Coca-Cola environmental foundation is said to be actively participating in environment issues like waste management, recycling etc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Coca-Cola http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/citizenship/foundation_local.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CocaColaIndia.gif Political Factors: As far as the political factors are concerned, they affect the company in meager way. It is because the governmental activity which is the major part of political environment has a little impact over the company. Over the recent years the company met with a lot of protests in India and Middle East. Still it was able to outrival PepsiCo by a small percent. In the last century there have been issues in Israel regarding the construction of a plant over there. The company was accused of boycotting Israel in order to appease the Arab League. These still had an impact over the market of Middle East. The environmental laws have some impact over Coke and other companies operating in the same industry. Over the past two years, the government of India has introduced some modifications to the existing laws that are likely to affect Coke. But the company is introducing changes in the plants as well as implementing proper wastage handling system and this would reduce the impact of these laws. Tax system in India is a little complicated because it involves a variety of regulations. The license needs to be updated every time the production capacity is increased. This can pose certain problems to the company. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company Ethical factors: The Coca-Cola Company has been involved into a number of ethical issues over the past. The major controversies include those like violation of human rights and following unethical business practices. The company has been charged of monopolistic and other discriminatory practices which affected its goodwill. In 2005, the European Union found that the companys business methods suppressed competition and hence the company had to end its dealings with bars and shops for stocking its drinks. In the same year itself, Coca-Cola Export Corporation was charged a fine of 68 million dollars for unfair commercial practices. In the early 2000s the company was also criticized for racial discrimination in its US offices and had to pay a hefty fine of 192.5 million dollars. The company is also involved in a number of cases related to environmental degradation, ground water depletion, overuse of pesticides etc. in India. This had affected the reputation of Coca-Cola in India in a major way. http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/citizenship/foundation_local.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Coca-Cola Conclusion To summarize it can be said that Coca-Cola Company has gone through a number of challenging situations in the past five years. The major challenge was the protests from the environmentalists for exploiting the resources. The company has tackled this issue to an extend by agreeing to the demands of the protesters and the governments. But it should put in more effort to get back the reputation it had in third world countries. Innovative technologies that are eco-friendly must be introduced. The company is now into more and more green initiatives which are a very positive sign. If such efforts continue, it would undoubtedly be the most reputed and recognized brand in the world. Recommendations In this current dynamic world scenario, its always best if the organization is well informed about the changes that are being taken place in its business environment. By this way the company can foresee the trends and come up with new strategies to cope up with them. It is recommended that Coca-Cola Company gives importance to some factors. These include: Introduce new programs aimed at public welfare and thus show their true concern for the society. Through this way try to be a model for other companies in following CSR activities. Follow the environmental regulations and norms properly. Make the public aware that the company has and is following strict environmental ethics. New technologies that produce superior quality products and that do not affect the environment must be invented. Understanding the exact needs of customers and try to find solutions to them in a harmless way. References Bibliography PankajMehra, Aspects of Business Environment, 2008, Omega Publications John Kew, John Stredwick, (2005), Business environment: managing in a strategic context, CIPD Publishing